Some aspects of the modern antihypertensive drug therapy and most common side effects

Hypertensionor high blood pressure is one of the most common diseases worldwide affecting people and is a major risk factor for stroke, myocardial infarction, vascular disease, and chronic kidney disease. Health care professionals must not only identify and treat patients with hypertension but also should have a good understanding of the side effects that accompany antihypertensive therapy. The aim of this review is to represent the most common adverse drug reactions (ADRs) of the most prescribed antihypertensive drugs

Digital Library of Collections from Cultural Institutions in Plovdiv

This report presents the project outcomes for digital presentation of historical artefacts from the region of Plovdiv, related to the Balkan War (1912-1913). The selected collections include digitized periodicals, postcards, photographs, museum objects and paintings by Bulgarian artists. Problems related to the digitization, creation, storage and visualization of digital objects from the funds of these cultural institutions are also discussed. The content of this digital library is expected to be completed with other collections at cultural institutions in Plovdiv. The idea is as a next step to integrate the project with the other digital libraries. The project website „Digital library of collections from cultural institutions in Plovdiv” is also presented here - http://plovdivartefacts.com/ (Figure 1)

Acute poisonings with neuroleptics in clinic of toxicology of military Medical academy Varna/Bulgaria registered for 20 year period

Objective: This retrospective study was conducted to follow out acute intoxications with neuroleptics in Varna region, to assess the frequency and proportion depending on other drug and non-pharmacological poisoning.Methods: The objects of the study are 193 patients with acute neuroleptic intoxication treated in the Clinic of toxicology - VMA-MBAL-Varna. The study is retrospective and covers a period of 20 years (1991-2010).Results: Incidence of acute poisoning with neuroleptics is 7.5% of all drug poisoning and 2.5% of general poisoning. Poisoning occurs commonly in women and the majority of poisonings are in people of working age.Conclusion: In recent years, there is a trend for an increase in the absolute number and the proportion of poisonings with neuroleptics. Lethality in these poisonings is not high and is 0.4 percent

A rare case of Ewing's sarcoma in a 4-year-old child treated by tumor endoprosthetics using 3D printing

Orthopedic oncology surgery often requires, by its very nature, precise and often extensive resections of bone and soft tissue involved in or near the tumor mass. One of the most recent and promising innovations is represented by 3D printing technology, whose main advantage in this field of application is patient specificity, which is essential in an operation that requires high precision and maximum respect for the individuality of his bones and soft tissues. Material and methods: In the present report, we present a 4-year-old boy diagnosed with Ewing's sarcoma involving ¾ of the right tibia. In another medical facility, he was offered amputation. Our team decided to use the "3D printed tumor megaendoprosthesis, double growing, from the Czech company Prospon. For reinsertion of the muscle groups to the endoprosthesis, we used a LARS textile tube that was attached to the femoral and tibial components of the endoprosthesis. A vascular surgeon also participated in the team. The patellar ligament was reinserted to the tibial component, and myoplasty was additionally performed with the medial head of the m. gastrocnemius. Intraoperatively, we lengthened the lower limb by 1.5 cm to delay the upcoming staged lengthening. Results: The postoperative period was uneventful, with sutures removed on the 12th postoperative day. For 3 weeks, a tutor orthosis was placed. Active physiotherapy was started after removal of the orthosis 21 days after surgery. Conclusion: Our goal is to perform a total revision at the end of skeletal growth if possible and replace the current implant with a non-growing tumor megaendoprosthesis in the absence of near or distant metastases and long-term patient survival. Future expectations are that non-invasive lengthening mechanisms or a biological approach will be able to meet the special needs of this population

Effect of a discontinuous Ag layer on optical and electrical properties of ZnO/Ag/ZnOStructures

ZnO/Ag/ZnO nanolaminate structures were deposited by consecutive RF sputtering at room temperature.The optical transparency, sheet resistance, and figure of merit are determined in relation to the deposition time of Ag and to the film thickness of the ZnO top layer. An improved transmittance has been found in the visible spectral range of the ZnO/Ag/ZnO structure compared to ZnO multilayers without Ag. High transmittance of 98% at 550 nm, sheet resistance of 8 Ω/sq, and figure of merit (FOM) of 111.01 × 10−3 Ω−1are achieved for an optimized ZnO/Ag/ZnO nanolaminate structure. It is suggested that the good optical and electrical properties are due to the deposition of the discontinuous Ag layer. The electrical metallic type conductivity is caused by planar located silver metal granules. The deposition of a discrete layer of Ag nano-granules is confirmed by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and cross-section high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) observations

Improving Multimodal Interactive Agents with Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback

An important goal in artificial intelligence is to create agents that can both interact naturally with humans and learn from their feedback. Here we demonstrate how to use reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) to improve upon simulated, embodied agents trained to a base level of competency with imitation learning. First, we collected data of humans interacting with agents in a simulated 3D world. We then asked annotators to record moments where they believed that agents either progressed toward or regressed from their human-instructed goal. Using this annotation data we leveraged a novel method - which we call "Inter-temporal Bradley-Terry" (IBT) modelling - to build a reward model that captures human judgments. Agents trained to optimise rewards delivered from IBT reward models improved with respect to all of our metrics, including subsequent human judgment during live interactions with agents. Altogether our results demonstrate how one can successfully leverage human judgments to improve agent behaviour, allowing us to use reinforcement learning in complex, embodied domains without programmatic reward functions. Videos of agent behaviour may be found at https://youtu.be/v_Z9F2_eKk4

ACUTE METHANOL INTOXICATIONS – A CHALLENGE FOR CLINICAL TOXICOLOGY

Purpose: Methanol (CH3OH) is a monohydric alcohol, vastly used both in housekeeping and industry. Although the acute methanol intoxications are rare, they may include life-threatening symptoms, substantial lethality and negative consequences such as neurological disorders and vision damage. Aim of the work is to conduct a retrospective study on the acute methanol intoxications within Varna region for a 10-year period (2006-2015). Material/Methods: This study covers 39 patients of the Clinic for Intensive Treatment of Acute Intoxications and Toxicoallergies at Naval Hospital – Varna, all of which had their diagnosis confirmed, including gas chromatography methods. Results: Methanol intoxication prevalence showed male/female ratio close to 2.9:1. The major part of the cases concerned economically active population, the age group of 25-60 being the most affected. In all instances an oral methanol intake has been involved. Death occurred in 14 cases (35.9%